Association of renal biomarkers in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

Background: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of the transmissible sickness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (SARS-CoV-2). Although it often presents as an acute respiratory infection, it can also have a negative impact on the kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. The aims of this study to find out the association of renal biomarkers among dialysis patients in COVID-19 positive and negative. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of medical laboratory technology, the university of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A Total of 129 Dialysis patients blood samples were collected from March 2022 to April 2022 in which 13 males and 20 females are COVID-19 positive while 41 males and 55 females are COVID-19 negative. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by using PRISM version 5.0 by applying two-way ANOVA and Comparisons between Covid positive and negative patients RFTs by using Bonferroni posttest. Results: Male patients with chronic kidney disease (on dialysis) with COVID-19 negative and positive their mean urea difference was 95.20mg/dl and 159.6mg/dl, while COVID-19 negative and positive the mean creatinine difference was 8.534mg/dl and 13.81mg/dl respectively. While there was no significance difference in uric acid concentration in CKD patients with COVID-19 negative and positive. Female patients with chronic kidney disease (on dialysis) with COVID-19 negative and positive their mean urea difference was 103.20mg/dl and 152.6mg/dl, while COVID-19 negative and positive the mean creatinine difference was 8.114mg/dl and 8.584mg/dl respectively. While there was no significance difference in uric acid concentration in CKD patients with COVID-19 negative and positive. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is positive relationship or association of renal biomarkers in COVID-19 positive patients. Significance association between urea and creatinine in COVID-19 positive

A Decade of Mighty Lipophagy: What We Know and What Facts We Need to Know?

From Hindawi via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: publication-year 2021, received 2021-02-22, rev-recd 2021-09-30, accepted 2021-10-15, pub-print 2021-11-05, archival-date 2021-11-05Publication status: PublishedLipids are integral cellular components that act as substrates for energy provision, signaling molecules, and essential constituents of biological membranes along with a variety of other biological functions. Despite their significance, lipid accumulation may result in lipotoxicity, impair autophagy, and lysosomal function that may lead to certain diseases and metabolic syndromes like obesity and even cell death. Therefore, these lipids are continuously recycled and redistributed by the process of selective autophagy specifically termed as lipophagy. This selective form of autophagy employs lysosomes for the maintenance of cellular lipid homeostasis. In this review, we have reviewed the current literature about how lipid droplets (LDs) are recruited towards lysosomes, cross-talk between a variety of autophagy receptors present on LD surface and lysosomes, and lipid hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes. In addition to it, we have tried to answer most of the possible questions related to lipophagy regulation at different levels. Moreover, in the last part of this review, we have discussed some of the pathological states due to the accumulation of these LDs and their possible treatments under the light of currently available findings

Exploration of phenolic acid derivatives as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and receptor binding domain: potential candidates for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy

Severe acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological virus of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been a public health concern due to its high morbidity and high mortality. Hence, the search for drugs that incapacitate the virus via inhibition of vital proteins in its life cycle is ongoing due to the paucity of drugs in clinical use against the virus. Consequently, this study was aimed at evaluating the potentials of natural phenolics against the Main protease (Mpro) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) using molecular modeling techniques including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To this end, thirty-five naturally occurring phenolics were identified and subjected to molecular docking simulation against the proteins. The results showed the compounds including rosmarinic acid, cynarine, and chlorogenic acid among many others possessed high binding affinities for both proteins as evident from their docking scores, with some possessing lower docking scores compared to the standard compound (Remdesivir). Further subjection of the hit compounds to drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiling revealed chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chicoric acid as the compounds with desirable profiles and toxicity properties, while the study of their electronic properties via density functional theory calculations revealed rosmarinic acid as the most reactive and least stable among the sets of lead compounds that were identified in the study. Molecular dynamics simulation of the complexes formed after docking revealed the stability of the complexes. Ultimately, further experimental procedures are needed to validate the findings of this study

On Family of Simultaneous Method for Finding Distinct as Well as Multiple Roots of Non-linear Equation

We construct a family of 2-step simultaneous methods for determining all the distinct roots of single variable non-linear equations. We further extend this family of simultaneous methods to the case of multiple roots. It is proved that both the family of methods are of convergence order eight and has better computation efficiency as compared to some other simultaneous methods in the literature. At the end, numerical test examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the newly constructed simultaneous method

Preleukemic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia: A diagnostic dilemma highlighting the significance of integrated reporting

Background: A few cases pose a challenge and require data interpretation of all the tests together to establish a diagnosis. The process of independently conveying results of different diagnostic modalities by varied sections of a laboratory may lead to a delay in diagnosis. The multidisciplinary approach necessitates integrated reporting to be a part of clinical laboratories. Case report: We report a challenging case of a 7-year-old female who underwent multiple bone marrow biopsies and the diagnosis remained inconclusive. The initial blood counts revealed leukopenia, thrombocytosis and 3% population of mononuclear cells positive for CD34 by flowcytometry. Bone marrow biopsy raised suspicion of myelofibrosis. Cytogenetic and molecular studies were decisive to establish the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia in preleukemic phase. Conclusion: Coordination and communication among different sections of hematology-oncology laboratory is valuable for establishing a diagnosis

Study of Dynamical Behavior and Stability of Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equation with Applications in Engineering

In this article, we first construct a family of optimal 2-step iterative methods for finding a single root of the nonlinear equation using the procedure of weight function. We then extend these methods for determining all roots simultaneously. Convergence analysis is presented for both cases to show that the order of convergence is 4 in case of the single-root finding method and is 6 for simultaneous determination of all distinct as well as multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. The dynamical behavior is presented to analyze the stability of fixed and critical points of the rational operator of one-point iterative methods. The computational cost, basins of attraction, efficiency, log of the residual, and numerical test examples show that the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared with the existing methods in the literature

Inverse Numerical Iterative Technique for Finding all Roots of Nonlinear Equations with Engineering Applications

We introduce here a new two-step derivate-free inverse simultaneous iterative method for estimating all roots of nonlinear equation. It is proved that convergence order of the newly constructed method is four. Lower bound of the convergence order is determined using Mathematica and verified with theoretical local convergence order of the method introduced. Some nonlinear models which are taken from physical and engineering sciences as numerical test examples to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed modified inverse simultaneous methods as compared to classical methods existing in literature are presented. Dynamical planes and residual graphs are drawn using MATLAB to elaborate efficiency, robustness, and authentication in its domain

On Dynamics of Iterative Techniques for Nonlinear Equation with Applications in Engineering

In this article, we construct an optimal family of iterative methods for finding the single root and then extend this family for determining all the distinct as well as multiple roots of single-variable nonlinear equations simultaneously. Convergence analysis is presented for both the cases to show that the optimal order of convergence is 4 in the case of single root finding methods and 6 for simultaneous determination of all distinct as well as multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. The computational cost, basins of attraction, efficiency, log of residual, and numerical test examples show that the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared to the existing methods in the literature

Exogenous citric acid improves growth and yield by concerted modulation of antioxidant defense system in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under salt-stress

Brinjal is sensitive to salinity, a common factor responsible for reducing its biomass and yield components. Recent research has demonstrated that citric acid/citrates can provide abiotic stress resistance in plants. In this study, Brinjal variety Pusakranti was treated with four concentrations of CA at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm applied foliarly under two levels of salt stress (0 mM and 60 mM NaCl) during spring 2021 with four replication per treatment. Salt stress reduced plant growth and yield attributes, pigments as well as metabolites in plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities of the plant increased compared to the non-stressed plants. While 300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75 % and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5 % and 40.7 %), while 200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50 %, fruit diameter by 49 % and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61 % compared to only salt-stressed plants. Similarly, CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42 %, peroxidase by 66 %, superoxide dismutase by 44 %, polyphenol oxidase by 50 % and Glutathione peroxidase by 37 % compared to only salt stressed plants. Furthermore, 300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75 % and total free amino acids by 32 % as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31 % and flavonoids by 96 % compared to only salt treated plants. Overall, the above described results suggested that the foliarly applied CA(200 ppm) is a proficient approach which effectively counteract salt stress in brinjal by improving plant biomass, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites as well as modulating the the antioxidant defense system of the studied plant

Stability analysis and dynamics of solitary wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water wave equation using the Ricatti equation mapping method

Our aim is to examine the dynamic characteristics of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized equation governing shallow water waves. When the horizontal extent of the fluid significantly surpasses the vertical dimension, the employment of shallow water equations becomes appropriate. By employing an inventive Ricatti equation mapping approach, we have obtained a range of solitary wave solutions in both explicit and generalized forms. Solitons are particularly useful in signal and energy transmission due to their ability to preserve their shape during propagation. By studying soliton solutions in nonlinear systems, we can gain valuable knowledge applicable to practical fields. To deepen our grasp of the equation’s physical implications, we have presented some solutions through 3D, 2D, and contour graphics. Employing a linear stability approach, we confirm the equation’s stability. The method used distinguishes out for its simplicity, dependability, and ability to generate novel solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations in the area of mathematical physics. The research findings reported here demonstrate the viability of the used method in studying nonlinear phenomena in the studied equation as well as other nonlinear problems in mathematical physics. By employing this tool, academics have the chance to deepen and increase their grasp of the complex mathematical concepts underlying real-world problems